Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder frequently associated with vitamin D deficiency, which may contribute to reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. This study evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation in addition to metformin on clinical, metabolic, hormonal, and ultrasonographic parameters in women with PCOS.

Methods: This hospital-based randomized case–control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Hospital, Delhi, from July 2024 to July 2025. Sixty women diagnosed with PCOS according to Rotterdam criteria were enrolled; 56 completed the study (28 in each group). Cases received metformin 500 mg twice daily plus vitamin D 60,000 IU weekly for 12 weeks along with lifestyle modification, while controls received metformin 500 mg twice daily with lifestyle advice alone. Clinical features, menstrual patterns, metabolic and hormonal profiles, and ovarian morphology were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Vitamin D supplementation significantly improved menstrual irregularities, with reduction in infrequent menses (78.6% to 46.4%, p=0.027) and scanty menses (50% to 21.4%, p=0.048). Weight gain decreased significantly in the supplemented group (71.4% to 25%, p=0.0013). Significant reductions were observed in fasting blood glucose (p=0.001) and postprandial glucose (p=0.022), along with a significant rise in HDL cholesterol (p<0.001). Other lipid parameters showed no significant change. Hormonal markers, including testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin, and TSH, did not demonstrate significant improvement. A modest but significant reduction in right ovarian volume was noted (p=0.046).

Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation as an adjunct to metformin improves menstrual regularity, glycaemic control, HDL cholesterol, weight-related symptoms, and ovarian morphology in women with PCOS, though hormonal parameters remain largely unaffected. Larger and longer-term studies are warranted to confirm sustained benefits.

She is a dedicated medical professional specializing in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, currently associated with Kasturba Hospital. With a strong academic foundation and a keen interest in women’s health, she has consistently focused on advancing evidence-based clinical practice, particularly in the field of reproductive endocrinology. Her research interests include Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, metabolic disorders in women, and the role of vitamin D in improving reproductive and metabolic outcomes.

She has contributed to clinical research exploring cost-effective and accessible interventions for common gynaecological conditions. Her work reflects a commitment to improving menstrual health, metabolic well-being, and overall quality of life for women in the reproductive age group. She is particularly interested in integrating clinical research with practical patient care, ensuring that scientific findings translate into meaningful improvements in everyday practice.